Eastern Airlines Facing Bankruptcy :: essays research papers

Eastern Airlines Facing Bankruptcy In 1986, Eastern Airlines was in a tough situation. The fourth quarter of 1985 had demonstrated a $67.4 million misfortune, and monetarily specialists had told Frank Borman, president and CEO, that the carrier had three options: 1) a 20 percent pay cut for all association and noncontract workers. 2) Filing for Chapter 11 (liquidation) or 3) Selling the carrier. On February 23, 1986, Eastern's top managerial staff met to choose the destiny of the organization. Forthright Borman, immediately left his home in Coral Gables to Building 16 at Miami International Airport that Sunday evening, to examine plans on sparing the aircrafts. The governing body had recessed for supper following evening meeting and was booked to assemble at 7:30 p.m. At the prior meeting, Wayne Yeoman, senior VP for money, had burned through the vast majority of the time laying out the subtleties of Texas Air's proposal to purchase Eastern. Straight to the point Lorenzo and Frank Borman had been talking since December initially about solidifying the mechanized reservation frameworks, at that point , as Eastern's issues extend, about a potential deal. As Frank entered his office, he discovered his devoted excutive aide; Wayne Yeoman; and Dick Magurno, Eastern's senior VP for lawful issues. For around 20 minutes the three talked about the fourthcoming gathering what's more, the possibilities for sparing the carrier. Arrangements were going to come around for ALPA and TWU however no break from the IAM. The IAM would not move since Charlie Byran, leader of the mechanical engineer's association, stood firm against a 20 percent wage cut. At 7:30 the executive gathering started with the conversation of the Texas Air offer, focusing on a portion of the conditions appended to the purchasing of the organization. More talk and hours delayed. At last word got out that ALPA was approaching an understanding. The gathering recessed for 60 minutes. During the break Frank expected to get Charlie's surport on the 20 percent pay cut, in any case the organization was going to sold. He advised Charlie to come up to his office. Plain told Charlie, " we've been at this since 83' and you need to remember it can't go on. I have each motivation to accept that the pilots and airline stewards are going to give us what we need. I know it's increasingly hard for you on the grounds that your agreement isn't open. Be that as it may, I know you have a feeling of history. We have a generally excellent chance to fix this carrier, also, in the event that you simply get this, over the long haul you'll come out a more grounded, progressively praiseworthy individual. Pick the harder right rather than the simpler wrong, and

Free Essays on Noah And The Flood

The Great Flood or Just Scattered Showers? â€Å"So God said to Noah, â€Å"I am going to stop all individuals, for the earth is loaded up with brutality as a result of them. I am most likely going to demolish both them and the earth. So make yourself an ark of cypress wood; make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out† (Genesis 6: 13-15). â€Å"You are to bring into the ark two of every single living animal, male and female, to keep them bursting at the seams with you. Two of each sort of winged animal, of each sort of creature and of each sort of animal that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive† (Genesis 6: 19-20). â€Å"Seven days from now I will send downpour on the earth for forty days and forty evenings, and I will wipe from the substance of the earth each living animal I have made† (Genesis 7: 4). For different reasons, numerous individuals today discover the tale of Noah’s Ark very hard to accept. From the two professors in God and non-adherents, there have be en numerous issues with the believability of the narrative of Noah and the Ark. For whatever length of time that the Bible has been in print, creationists and doubters have discussed the issue of a disastrous flood. Authentic records from such antiquated human advancements as the Chinese or the occupants of the Indus valley show no timeframe where these civic establishments were unexpectedly cleared out by a worldwide flood, to be gradually repopulated later. There is essentially no proof at all from paleohistory, geography or history, which show an overall flood that cleared out everything except eight individuals. For some reasons the record of Noah given in the book of Genesis basically can't be actually or generally obvious. One clear issue results from the structure of the pontoon itself. As indicated by the Bible, the Ark had measurements of 300 cubits by 50 cubits by 30 cubits tall. This is multiple times the size of any wooden boats developed during the timespan and is generally the size of today’s oil big haulers. It was not until the year 1... Free Essays on Noah And The Flood Free Essays on Noah And The Flood The Great Flood or Just Scattered Showers? â€Å"So God said to Noah, â€Å"I am going to stop all individuals, for the earth is loaded up with savagery as a result of them. I am most likely going to devastate both them and the earth. So make yourself an ark of cypress wood; make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out† (Genesis 6: 13-15). â€Å"You are to bring into the ark two of every single living animal, male and female, to keep them bursting at the seams with you. Two of each sort of fledgling, of each sort of creature and of each sort of animal that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive† (Genesis 6: 19-20). â€Å"Seven days from now I will send downpour on the earth for forty days and forty evenings, and I will wipe from the essence of the earth each living animal I have made† (Genesis 7: 4). For different reasons, numerous individuals today discover the narrative of Noah’s Ark very hard to accept. From the two devotees to God and non-adherents, there have been numerous issues with the validity of the account of Noah and the Ark. For whatever length of time that the Bible has been in print, creationists and cynics have discussed the issue of a disastrous flood. Chronicled records from such old human advancements as the Chinese or the occupants of the Indus valley show no timeframe where these civic establishments were out of nowhere cleared out by a worldwide flood, to be gradually repopulated later. There is essentially no proof at all from prehistoric studies, geography or history, which demonstrate an overall flood that cleared out everything except eight individuals. For some reasons the record of Noah given in the book of Genesis basically can't be actually or verifiably obvious. One evident issue results from the structure of the pontoon itself. As per the Bible, the Ark had measurements of 300 cubits by 50 cubits by 30 cubits tall. This is multiple times the size of any wooden boats built during the timespan and is generally the size of today’s oil big haulers. It was not until the year 1...

Kate Chopins novella, The Awakening Essay -- English Literature

Kate Chopin's novella, The Awakening In Kate Chopin's novella, The Awakening, the peruser is brought into a general public that is carefully male-ruled where ladies fill in the cliché job of viewing the youngsters, cooking, cleaning and keeping up appearances. Essayists regularly feature the estimations of a certain general public by presenting a character who is distanced from their culture by a characteristic, for example, sex, race or belief. In Chopin's Arousing, the peruser meets Edna Pontellier, a wedded lady who endeavors to conquer her destiny, to dodge the cliché job of a lady in her period, and in doing so she uncovers the encompassing society's suspicion and virtues about ladies of Edna's time. Edna assists with uncovering the suppositions of her general public. The individuals encompassing her every day, especially ladies, accept their jobs as housewives; while the men are allowed to go out, go out at night, bet, drink and work. Edna shocks her partners when she takes up painting, which speaks to a working activity and freedom for Edna. Leonce doesn't value this. The peruser perceives how he expect what she ought to do from this statement on page 57: Mr.Pontellier had been a fairly affable spouse insofar as he met a specific unsaid accommodation in his better half. In any case, her new and unforeseen line of lead totally befuddled him. ... At that point her outright dismissal for her obligations as a spouse irritated him. Leonce says himself, It appears to me the most extreme habit for a lady at the leader of a family, and the mother of kids, to spend in an atelier [meaning a studio for painting] days which would be better utilized inventing for the solace of her family. This statement is somewhat emblematic as it utilizes the word emplo... ...men encompassing her surrender to throughout everyday life. By opposing these laws Edna clarifies the ethics that the various ladies esteem; the fulfillment of their significant other, the acknowledgment of society, and the adjustment to cliché jobs of a lady. In The Awakening, Edna is utilized as an apparatus to accentuate the encompassing society's suppositions of a lady and the ethics that they esteem. Frequently, a character is separate from their way of life for this sole reason, to emphasize a point the creator needs to make. For this situation, Chopin needs to show the peruser how male overwhelmed society has been, how immediately ladies surrender to their jobs, and how effectively individuals can be molded to consider an alternate and very pointless arrangement of ethics. Edna is deliberately distanced in the novella so as the peruser can find society's suspicions and virtues of the period furthermore, up until today.

Religion in Chronicle of a Death Foretold - Literature Essay Samples

The novel â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† takes place in the 1950s in a small Colombian village near the sea. The narrator is investigating the murder of Santiago Nasar, a rich Arab. He was murdered by the Vicario brothers, who believed took away the virginity of their sister, however there is not enough evidence of this. The book is written in journalistic style, as the narrator always mentions the full name of each person he is interviewing and always offers as many points of view as possible. An emerging theme in the novel is the theme of religion and specifically the Catholic religion. The first encounter the reader has with religion is in the first chapter, where the villagers are awaiting for the bishop’s arrival. They made numerous preparations to honor the bishop, hoping he would get off the boat this year. Their hopes were crushed, as once again he did not get off to greet them and appreciate the gifts. The bishop’s moves while on the boat are described as â€Å"mechanic†, showing his indifference towards the small town. This goes against the beliefs of love and forgiveness of the Catholic religion. Moreover, Marquez foreshadows the fate of Santiago, as he mentions, â€Å"the people were too excited with the bishop’s visit to worry about any other news†, meaning that even though most of the villagers knew about the Vicario brother’s intentions, they were too busy preparing for the bishop’s arrival, hoping that he would prevent this murder from happening. The second religious figure in the novel is Father Carmen Amador, whose role is very ironic. He choses not to intervene and stop the two brothers, even though he was aware of the entire plan. Later on, he even forgets to warn Santiago, because he was distracted by the bishop’s arrival. Father Amador even says that the Vicario brothers are â€Å"innocent†¦before God†. His name is ironic, as in Spanish it means lover, however his name is very contradictory, as when he is performing the autopsy on Santiago’s dead body, he does it with no love at all, in a very violent way. Since his name means lover, he could have been the one who took Angela’s virginity. This could be why he welcomed the Vicario brothers and forgave them in the name of God after the murder. Moreover, being Angela’s lover could have been the reason why he did not warn Santiago or why he performed such a violent autopsy on his body. One of the most striking portrayals of religion in the novel is the similarity of Santiago to Jesus Christ. Firstly, Marquez has chosen Santiago’s name very thoughtfully, as in Spanish Santo can be translated to â€Å"Saint†, immediately making the first connection of his death to Christ. Moreover, Nasar sounds similar to Nazareth, the birthplace of Jesus. Santiago being an Arab was seen as an outsider to the Colombian society around him, like Jesus. Some parts of the novel seem similar to Christ’s story according to the Bible, for example, the cocks that began to crow in their baskets. This is similar to the cocks that crowed three times before Jesus death. According to the title, Santiago’s death was foretold, which is similar to Jesus’ prediction of his own death. Another way that makes Santiago comparable to Jesus, is through his death, as it resembles the crucifixion of Christ. Pedro Vicario mentions â€Å"we killed him openly†, this is a similarity between the two, as Jesus was also killed openly. Even though Santiago’s murder did not take place in front of everyone, it can still correspond to Jesus, as the whole town was aware of the murder, they were all spectators, but nobody was willing to act to defend Santiago. The most direct connection to Jesus is where it is mentioned that â€Å"He had a deep stab in the right hand, it looked like a stigma of the crucified Christ†. Another similarity between Christ’s crucifixion and Nasar’s death is where Marquez mentions: â€Å"the knife went through the palm of his right hand and then sank into his side up to the hilt. Everybody heard his cry of pain†, this is very similar to the moment where the Roman soldiers are nailing Jesus on the cross. Moreover, when the two brothers were attacking Santiago, it is mentioned that the knife he was being attacked with kept coming out clean, which is an example of magic realism that shows Santiagoâ €™s magical talents. Santiago was â€Å"mortally wounded three times†, the number three can be linked to religion as it could symbolize the three times Jesus was denied by Saint Peter. In this case, Saint Peter would be the people who refused to stop the Vicario brothers. Another interpretation of the symbolism behind the number three and religion is that the devil tempted Jesus three times. Angela could be the devil, as she might have tempted Santiago to take away her virginity, indicating that maybe he is guilty in the end. During the murder, Santiago seemed like he was being nailed to the wooden door, this relates closely to Christ’s nailing on the wooden cross. Many people heard Jesus last words on the cross, and realized their wrong doings, similarly many people heard Santiagos screams and realized their mistake of being impassive. Moreover, both Christ and Santiago showed no resistance during their death. Pedro Vicario also mentions that Santiago knew why the y were going to kill him, which makes his death parallel to Jesus, as He also knew why He was going to be killed. Additionally, Marquez points out that Santiago had a magical talent, which is similar to Jesus’ talents. Another similarity of the two is that they both wore white at the day of their death. This symbolizes purity and may suggest that Santiago, similar to Jesus, was not guilty in the end and was simply paying for other people’s sins. Santiago died for Angela’s sin and Christ for the people’s sins. This is a criticism for the decision of the two brothers, as they refused to investigate Angela’s claim further and only cared about the honor carried by their family’s name. In the novel it is ironic how all the townspeople are very respectful towards religion and that it plays a big role in their lives. Firstly, Angela’s name means angelic, which is ironic as she was no angel. She was the reason for Santiago’s murder. Most of her qualities, mainly the fact that she had pre-marital sex, show that she was the opposite. This links to the Bible’s interpretation for the creation of the world, where Eve gets tempted by the snake, in this case Angela may have been tempted by Santiago to have pre-marital sex. Moreover, it is ironic how the Vicario brothers’ way of restoring their honor is through murder, as they are breaking one of The Ten Commandments that states, Thou shalt not murder. Right after the murder the two brothers run to the church to confess, justifying their act as a matter of honor and the Church accepts this, thus it fails to see that one of the Ten Commandments that they live by is broken. This shows that honor is s o important in their society that they fail to act morally and according to God. To conclude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez uses various examples of religion throughout the novel, to criticize the society’s acts. In the novel Santiago Nasar is seen as a figure with characteristics similar to Jesus. This indicates that maybe he was innocent in the end and he had to die for Angela’s sins, just like Jesus died for the people’s sins. Moreover, the fact that the Catholic Church may pardon murder if it is a matter of honor is very ironic and judgmental, as it is a breakage of the Ten Commandments, thus it should not be justified. The bishop acts as a symbol showing how biased the church is and that it does not want to concern itself with unimportant matters, like the small Colombian town, even though it accepts all the gifts and preparations. Lastly, similar to the bishop, Father Amador could be a biased religious figure, as he could potentially be Angela’s lover and he was the one to justify and accept a murder as a matter of honor.

James Weldon Johnson Essay - 654 Words

James Weldon Johnson James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938), was a highly talented and celebrated African American writer. He was a poet, songwriter, novelist, literary critic, and essayist. Along with his wide-ranging literary accomplishments, Johnson also served as a school principal, professor of literature at Fisk University, attorney, a diplomatic consul for the United States in Venezuelaand Nicaragua, and secretary for the NAACP from 1920-1930. He is considered one of the founders of the Harlem Renaissance and the first modern African American. Johnsons primary concerns were with the black writer. This included what the black author needs to know and what he must do in order to produce quality work. Johnsons ideas on blackness†¦show more content†¦Along with this viewpoint, he stessed black distinctiveness within notions of spirituality and creativity. In much of his works, this idea of black distinctiveness was paralled with the legitimacy of black literary independence, another concept of which he was a proponent. While Johnson was a highly celebrated and versatile literary figure, his most well known work is The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man . Even though this title suggests that this work was his own story, it was actually a novel, the first African-American one to mask itself as an autobiography. In this novel, the illegitimate son of a southern white man and his mulatto mistress struggles to find his identity and place in the world. Being light-skinned, he does not discover his black blood until he is segregated from the white students in his school. As he ages, he leaves the south to discover his identity. His travels lead him to New York City as well as Europe. The narrator, who is never named, struggles with his mixed heritage and concludes that he must decide whether to embrace his African-American self and or pass for white and devote his life to accumulating wealth. His first attempt is to be a proud black man and adopt the struggle for racial justice. After witnessing a devasta ting lynching, however, he reverses his original course and focuses on passing for white. In doing so, he travels andShow MoreRelatedThe White Witch By James Weldon Johnson964 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 11 2/17/17 The White *itch â€Å"And back behind those smiling lips, / And down within those laughing eyes,.../ The shadow of the panther lurks, / The spirit of the vampire lies† (25, 26, 29, 30). The supernatural poem â€Å"The White Witch† by James Weldon Johnson gives us an insight to what lay behind the curtains during the Harlem Renaissance. The poem takes a real life situation of the era, white women luring black men to their death via false blame, and portrays it as a fairy tale. Using symbolismRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By James Weldon Johnson Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance began years earlier with African-American genre of literature. James Weldon Johnson was one such writer who sifted through the roughage to promote great writers. Johnson was a reckoning force behind the great push for the Harlem Renaissance. According to The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Johnson favored the memories of his students from the rural South but, he did not condone the use of black dialect. Johnson challenged African-American writers to, â€Å"express the racial spirit fromRead MoreOf An Former Colored Man By James Weldon Johnson Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesIn James Weldon Johnson’s â€Å"Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man,† the is written narrator to be perceived at face first as an average white male, when in fact he is inherently of colored descent. Consequently, in regards to society s principle of the one-drop rule, the narrator then faces an identity complex in understanding whether he is black since society has categorized him on the account of his bloodline, or white because of his external appearance. For at the end of the novel, he makes the consciousRead MoreThe Autobiography Of An Former Colored Man By James Weldon Johnson Essay2267 Words   |  10 PagesThe Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, James Weldon Johnson James Weldon Johnson’s novel The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man was first published in 1912. This novel is one of the highly celebrated works during the Harlem Renaissance although it was published prior in 1912. Johnson graduated from Clark Atlanta University in 1894. He was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt as United States consul to Venezuela and Nicaragua. He also was highly involved in the Harlem Renaissance with hisRead MoreThe Road That Led African Americans986 Words   |  4 PagesLaws were enacted and in effect in the South, which led to the mass migration to the North, and even in the North, Blacks still experienced some indifference, though not on the same scale as they had in the South. In Lift Every Voice and Sing, Johnson uses rhyming which of course is standard of most poetry. He also uses simile in line five with his comparison of how the sound of joy should be loud like that of the rolling sea. Lift Every Voice and Sing is both carefully and craftily composed, andRead MoreAmerican Architecture : Constructing An Identity1434 Words   |  6 Pagesracial and female identities have been at the epicenter of many works of art throughout American culture as can be seen in: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Stephen Crane, film â€Å"Modern Times,† Bessie Smith’s â€Å"T’ain’t Nobody’s Bizness If I Do,† and James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. For starters, both Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Crane and â€Å"Modern Times† describe a woman with a lack of agency. Cranes novel focuses on the central figure of Maggie. Maggie exemplifies a womanRead MoreRemembering the Harlem Renaissance646 Words   |  3 PagesFund, which gave Savage $1,800 to study in Paris. Savage returned to the United States in 1931, during the Great Depression. 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His runaway father offered to pay for his college education only if he attended Harvard University, not Atlanta University the college that his mother â€Å"had a half desire for [him] to go† (Johnson 33). Since his mother died, he was the only person left to make the decision and ended up deciding where he and his mother wanted him to go: Atlanta University. While finding a unique identity, a person must be careful who he trusts. Giving valuable

Pros And Cons Of Alcan Technology - 1253 Words

The pros and cons of the current Alcan technology infrastructure seemed to be heavier on the con side than the pro side. While the intent was to better the organization with the functions that were required on the IT side, however the result was something much different than what they anticipated. â€Å"Should you spend most of your technology budget on infrastructure, hosted applications, custom line-of-business applications, or what? It depends on the industry that the business is in. Generally, most businesses spend around half of their technology budget on infrastructure—computers, networking equipment, and Internet Service Providers† (I.T. in Business, n.d.). Mistakes were made in decisions concerning the technology infrastructure of†¦show more content†¦The issues that Alcan was facing were numerous to say the least. The fact that the leadership in the IT side had been vacant for more than a year was very problematic. Another large chunk of the infrastruc ture issue revolved around how decentralized the business groups that made up Alcan were. â€Å"Every business group was completely independent, with its own strategic IT plan, infrastructure choices based on its specific needs, and IT applications and services. Each group had its own IT organization that pursued its objectives based on the group’s needs and orientation. Groups’ needs, like their activities, were highly diversified. Over the years, this culture of autonomy had been reinforced by mergers and acquisitions† (Bernier Dube Roy, 2009). Another issue that was identified was that Alcan had more than one thousand information systems, and many of these systems managed information that was financial. It completely makes it difficult to comprehend how you would even attempt to be able to work with over 1,000 systems within Alcan. Another identified issue was that there was a problem with accessible skills which were insufficient, and crudely positioned to meet requirements of the information technology infrastructure. This also resulted in these needs not being evaluated, identified, or even compensated in a similar way as other various business groups. Instead the outsourced providers instead minimized the deficienciesShow MoreRelatedAlcan Case Study1414 Words   |  6 PagesAlcan Case Analysis Executive Summary Like many of its competitors and comparable manufacturers in the discrete and process metal production, process metal and service-related businesses, Alcan is continually challenged with how to unify their diverse business units and processes to gain competitive advantage. The dynamics of many process-related industries include growing through mergers and acquisition, which has also been an area that continues cause Alcan challenges from an IT perspectiveRead MoreThe Alcan Case Study1642 Words   |  7 PagesAlcan Case Analysis Executive Summary One of the most critical success factors for Alcan, the global leader in discrete and process metal production, selling and service-related businesses, is their supply chain. Sourcing the right materials, from approved suppliers, at the most economical price and having them delivered at the right time is a continual challenge for Alcan and members of the industry it participates in. Bauxite is one of the most critical raw materials there are to the productionRead MoreAlcan IT: Implementation Case Study1447 Words   |  6 PagesAlcan IT Implementation Case Study Introduction: Alcans success and enormity are singular in its industry. As a highly vertically integrated textiles and industrial materials manufacturer, the Montreal based firm is markedly profitable and diffusely networked. In spite of its highly enviable track record and profitability, the firm finds itself at a crossroads where its Information Technology (IT) solutions are concerned. With the appointment of Robert Ouellette as Chief Information OfficerRead MoreAlcan Application Management: Case Analysis1487 Words   |  6 PagesAlcan Case Analysis Having grown quickly through a series of mergers, acquisitions and strong financial performance of its divisions, Alcans IT infrastructure has evolved into being decentralized and inefficient. The inherent advantages of a decentralized IT infrastructure continue to fuel the companys growth, which makes the task of changing its structure all the more difficult for Robert Ouelette, acting CIO. As with most decentralized IT operations, each division continues to excel at theRead More3pl Report6517 Words   |  27 Pagesfor your company †¢ Top tips on RFQs and industry advice on tackling the selection process to ensure the best 3PL for you! †¢ Setting incentive schemes and remuneration - profitable contracts and ROI †¢ The benefits of using a 3PL for supply chain technology and tips for smooth integration †¦and much more! Learn from special, exclusive presentations and executive panels and join in the discussions at intimate round table sessions. Attend the Chicago e vent to benchmark your current 3PL contracts againstRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages......................................... 74 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table of Contents SECTION TWO .............................................................. 93 The Human Resource Environment........................... 94 TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ............................................................ 96 WORKER VALUES AND ATTITUDINAL TRENDS ........ 109 MANAGEMENT TRENDS ......................................... 116 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ..................Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesProfessor of Management Accounting in the Department of Accounting and Finance at Monash University, Australia. Prior appointments were at La Trobe University, the xiv CONTRIBUTORS universities of Melbourne and Tasmania, and University of Technology, Sydney. Prior to academic life, she worked as an accountant in several commercial organizations. Kim has a B.Ec. from the University of Sydney, an M.Ec. from Macquarie University, and a Ph.D. from Monash University. She is a fellow of CPA, AustraliaRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesTottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and thenRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagescasually i gnore perspective. (Anyone for McDuckling a l Orange?) Changing position within perspective may be easy; changing perspective, even while trying to maintain position, is not. (Just ask Swiss watchmakers about the introduction of quartz technology.) Figure 1-4 illustrates examples of this. Thus, we have four different definitions of strategy. A fifth is in common usage too: strategy is a ploy, that is, a specific maneuver intended to outwit an opponent or competitor. A kid may hop over

Training at Changi Airport Casino

Question: Case study:Training at the newly open Changi Airport Casino (CAC) Singapores newly opened 3rd casino, CAC caters to the needs of travellers, tourists, and thrill-seekers on transit or holiday in Singapore. Situated at Changi Airport and directly connected to all terminals via Sky train, CAC employs around 3,000 staff, including 2000 full-time casino dealers, also known as croupiers. Margaret Chan, CAC's Director of Gaming Operations, read the email she had just received from Caleb Tan, the companys Director of Training Development, and mumbled to herself angrily. Not again. Im not going to let Caleb have his way this round. Last month, he insisted that I must send 100 of my croupiers on a five-day course in customer service, leadership and team building. I had my objections but I sent them anyway. I had to activate croupiers from other shifts just to cover their duties, which caused them unhappiness, higher level of fatigue and a few resignations. This has resulted in more customer complaints and costly mistakes in pay-outs to the players. I would not allow him to tarnish our companys image in the industry. We need to compete with the other two existing Casinos for a larger pie of the business. After all, many of our croupiers had already been interviewed and selected based on their experience from other regional casinos, so why is there a need for further training? On their return from training, they grumbled constantly about what a bore it was, and how their time had been wasted because they felt that some of the content was totally irrelevant to their jobs. They had no opportunity to practice those skills anyway due to their working schedules and the nature of their current job. There is no immediate need for the type of training that Caleb has arranged. Now he wants another 100 participants. Well, I am not going to support it anymore. He can just forget about it! Part 1In your own analysis, what possible errors were being made by CACs Training Director fro m the perspective of training needs assessment, transfer of learning and training evaluation? MistakesError made by director Caleb did not conduct a proper need assessment. Did not ensure that there is a transfer of learning. He did not gather feedback from the participant. He did not carry out training evaluation.What are the consequences?What will happen?Part 2What kinds of recommendations would you propose to the Training Director to ensure that the errors you identified are eliminated? SolutionsHow can he correct the error (recommendation) What is involve in need assessment 3 level of assessment: Organization, person and task analysis (This is how he correct and should conduct)What must he do? Talk to senior management as able to tell what company need. Talk to line manager Formative Summative Of all croupier are ready to train (Motivate) Need to learn skill to transfer Google Casino operation.Part 3What effective strategies could the Training Director use to win over the Ga ming Operations Director so that she would be more supportive of training for his staff? Effective strategy to win Gaming Operations Director. Explain the purpose of the 3 training programs to Gaming Operations Director. Ask Gaming Operations Director for inputs what kind of training is suitable for croupiers. Caleb - Must request the CEO to appoint the gaming operations as trainer. We sent in small batches reduces from 100 to 20 per class Answer: Introduction People are considered the most precious assets of an organisation thus huge amount of investment is made to ensure their training and development needs are met (Wilson, 2005). Training and development also referred to as human resource development and learning and development is a function of human resource management that focuses on enhancing the performance efficiency and effectiveness of an individual or group by planning and implementing required activities (Saks, et al., 2010). This report analyses the case study of training at the new opened Changi Airport Casino (CAC) to identify the mistakes conducted by the companys director of training and development, recommend appropriate solutions and implement effective training strategies in order to make the training program successful. Part 1: Mistakes conducted by CACs Training Director The process of designing a training and development program can be divided into five main stages namely, analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation also referred to as ADDIE model (Evans, 2008). This model is the most common model used worldwide by training designers. An in-depth analysis of the case study reveals that the CACs Training Director has made some errors while designing the training and development program. In order to develop an effective training program it is essential to identify the who, what, why, when, where and how to training. Lack of effective training needs assessments: Needs assessment is the first and the most critical activity involved in the creation of a training and development program (Noe, 2013). Training needs assessments involve gathering as much information as possible about organisations objectives, learning needs, competencies and skills that are needed to enhance performance efficiency and learning styles of individuals who are to be trained. Needs assessments phase of training and development involve identifying gaps between what exists and what is desired currently and in future (Beebe, et al., 2012). The outcome of needs assessment helps the training developers in finding answers to two most important questions, that is who needs training and what training is actually desired. In case of CAC the Training Director has not conducted a needs assessment and is assuming that all the employee need the training related to customer service, leadership and team building. Without conducting a needs assessment he is unable to identify who needs the training and in what area. As a consequence of lack of needs assessment the Training Director is unable to understand the exactly learning needs of the employees. He is wasting their productive hours and also creating a negative perception in their minds. Failure to ensure that there is transfer of learning: Transfer of learning occurs when learning from one context enhances or undermines a related performance in other context (Perkins Salomon, 1992). The Training Director failed to ensure that the employees who are trained are actually getting enough chances and support to transfer their learning to real life work situations. As a consequence almost all employees will actually forget the concepts learned with few months after training. Failure to gather feedback from participants: Effective and frequent feedbacks help improving productivity and performance in a continuous manner (Armstrong, 2011). In case of training programs is it essential to ensure that regular feedback is provided as well as received from participants. Effective feedbacks help enhancing employee motivation that then tend to deliver high performance (Bhatia, 2007). In case of CAC the Training Director made no attempts to either provide or receive feedbacks from participants. As a consequence he could not determine the learning experience of the trainees. Employee feedback would have greatly helped him in improving the training and development program in a manner that is fulfilled learners needs. Lack of training evaluation: Evaluation is simply defined as the assessment of worth or value (Dahiya Jha, 2011). It involves planned collection, collation and analysis of information in order to determine the value and worth. Evaluation is not only required at the end of the program but must be performed as an ongoing process throughout the program. It helps ensuring that the program meets its desired goals and objectives at all stages. It can also be referred to as a quality control measure (Miller, 2007). Evaluation at each stage of training program helps ensuring that all requirements are fulfilled. In case of CAC the Training Director lacked focus on training evaluation. There was no formative or summative evaluation. No assessments were conducted to check that the trainees have actually learned the concepts taught during training. As a consequence he was unable to identify whether the training program was actually meeting learning needs of the employees. He was unable to judge whether or not the training had helped in enhancing employee performance and achieve desired organisations objectives. Due to a lack of effective evaluation process in place the Training Director was unable to understand that he actually needed to improve his training program in order to meet the learning needs of the employees. Part 2: Recommended solutions to eliminate errors made by CACs Training Director In order to ensure that the errors made by the CACs Training Director is eliminated it is important to ensure that he conducts proper needs assessments, ensure there is transfer of learning and have an effective evaluation system in place. Needs Assessment: The Training Director of CAC must ensure that he conducts all the three levels of needs assessment namely, organisational analysis, individual analysis and task analysis (Aspin, 2008). Organisational analysis will help him identify the level of effectiveness of the organisation and determine its training needs and how the training will be conducted (Boud, et al., 2006). Organisational analysis helps identifying the environmental impact, economical stability and its impact on operations cost, impact of technological changes, impact of changes in workforce demographics and whether or not the organisation is meeting its desired goals and objectives. Individual analysis will help the Training Director in identifying individual learning needs that can help them improve their work performance and also determine what kind of training will be needed to meet individual learning needs.(Snell Bohlander, 2012). Performance evaluation, observation, surveys, questionnaires are s ome of the source that can help the training director collection information needed for individual analysis. Task analysis help gathering information about a job or set of jobs and identifying skills, knowledge, attitude and abilities needed to achieve high performance efficiency (Truss, et al., 2012). Job description, KSA analysis, performing the job and analysis of literature related to job are some of the ways that can help the training director in performing task analysis. By performing these three level of assessments the training director will be able to effectively analyse the who, what, why, when, where and how of a training program. Transfer of Learning: Before the training starts the training director should make proper arrangements in order to ensure that trainees are provided with enough opportunities to use the concepts they have learned during training hours (Evans, 2008). Training Director must ensure that a positive transfer climate is created within the workplace which helps creating a strong alignment between organisational goals and training program. He should ensure that the employees are motivated enough to transfer their learning to their workplace. In order to motivate employees and ensure their readiness the training director should provide complete and realistic information before training, should ensure proper feedback system is in place to get employees input and should effectively communicate companys expectations to the employees (Armstrong, 2011). He must ensure the training is relevant and a culture of learning is created. He should speak to the senior management and the line managers in or der to ensure that trainees receive complete support from the management team. He must ensure that trainees have enough skills to transfer their learning to casino operations. Evaluation: Evaluation should happen as an ongoing process and not only at the end of the training program (Dahiya Jha, 2011). He should focus on both formative and summative evaluation in order to ensure the training program is improved continuously to meet employees learning needs. He should take employee assessments on regular basis to ensure they are actually understanding the concepts and benefiting from it. All these measures will help the Training Director ensure that all the errors he made in first training session will be eliminated form future ones. Part 3: Effective Strategies to be used by CACs Training Director in order to win support from the Gaming Operations Director In order to make the training and development program a success it is important that the Training Director gets support from the Gaming Operations Director. He should effectively communicate the need for training related to customer service, leadership and team building to the Gaming Operations Director. He should clearly inform her value of such trainings and how they can help improving employee performance at the casino. The Training Director should make ask the Gaming Operations Director to provide feedback as to what kind of training, knowledge and skills are needed by the employees in order to enhance their productivity and performance. He can also try if the CEO can ask the Gaming Operations Director to become the trainer for her employees which will further motivate them to transfer their learning in day to day operations. The Training Director can also try conducting the training within small batches of 20 employees instead of 100 employees and also reduce the number of train ing days to 3 instead of 5. Doing this will not disturb day to day operations of the casino due to shortage of workforce and the Gaming Operations Director will not have that much trouble substituting for small number of employee for less days. The training Director can also try using e-learning as a way for training the employees. With e-learning facility employee will be able to learn at their own pace. To do so the Training Director can set up training committee and also ask the Gamings Operations Director to be a part of it. He should focus on creating awareness about training department by applying marketing strategies. He should ensure that the role of training department is clear to other departments and to employees. Conclusion Effective training and development programs help ensuring that the available resources possess the needed skills and competences to help the organisation remain competitive in todays dynamic marketplace. It is a complex process and must pass through a set of steps in order to ensure that it is beneficial for the individual and the organisation as a whole. Effective needs assessments, transfer of learning and evaluation help the trainer ensure that the trainees are engaged enough and their actual learning needs are met. References Armstrong, M., (2011) Armstrong's Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Aspin, D. N., (2008) Philosophical Perspectives on Lifelong Learning. Hamburg: Springer Science Business Media. Beebe, S. A., Mottet, T. P. Roach, K. D., (2012) Training and Development: Communicating for Success. New York: Prentice Hall PTR. Bhatia, S., (2007) Strategic Human Resource Management : Winning Through People. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications. Boud, D., Cressey, P. Docherty, P., (2006) Productive Reflection at Work: Learning for Changing Organizations. New Jersey: Routledge. Dahiya, S. Jha, A., (2011) Review of Training Evaluation. International Journal of Computer Science and Communication, 2(1), pp. 11-16. Evans, C., (2008) Learning styles in education and training. 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